Key points
- Braces and aligners apply gentle, steady pressure to teeth.
- That pressure causes the bone around the tooth root to remodel: it breaks down on one side and rebuilds on the other, so the tooth moves.
- Fixed braces use brackets and a wire; aligners use a series of clear trays, each slightly different.
- Teeth move gradually, which is why treatment usually takes months.
- Retainers are needed afterwards because teeth tend to drift back.
The science behind straightening
How can a thin wire or a clear tray move teeth through bone? In this video, Dr Sarah Sadek explains the biology behind orthodontic tooth movement, for both braces and clear aligners.
Understanding the process helps explain why steady wear, regular reviews and long-term retainers matter. Which option suits you depends on your teeth and bite, and is decided at a consultation.
AddaSmile clear aligners
AddaSmile is a more affordable clear aligner option, planned and overseen by our orthodontic team. Each plan includes an in-person 3D scan, whitening and retainers in one price. Ask about it at your free consultation.
Find out about AddaSmileQuestions we often hear
Which is faster, braces or aligners?
It depends on the case. For some problems they take a similar time; for others one works better. Your orthodontist will explain the expected timescale for your teeth.
Why do teeth feel sore when they start moving?
The pressure triggers changes in the ligament and bone around the roots, which can make teeth tender for a few days. This usually settles.
Why do I need a retainer afterwards?
The bone and gum fibres around teeth take time to settle, and teeth tend to move back throughout life. Retainers help hold them in place.
Save on treatment with a Waterloo plan
Student Smile members get 15% off all treatments, including aligners and braces. Smile for Life plan members get 10% off private treatment, including aligners. Both plans also cover your check-ups and hygiene visits.
Student plans from £9.95/month → Practice plans from £10.95/month →
12-month minimum term. Student plans need a valid student card. The Waterloo Essentials plan discount does not include aligners; full details and exclusions are in the terms. Student terms · Practice plan terms.
Seeing us at Waterloo
Waterloo Dental & Orthodontics is at 223 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8XH, a short walk from Waterloo and Lambeth North stations and close to the Southbank. Call 020 7928 5844 or book online.
In this video
Dr Sarah Sadek
Specialist Orthodontist & Clinical Director
GDC No. 114943 · Waterloo · Croydon